100mm Ruby Rod: Precision Laser Medium for Scientific and Industrial Applications

Incazelo emfushane:

I-ruby rod engu-100mm iyisisetshenziswa esisetshenziswa kabanzi se-solid-state laser gain medium, esibonakala ngokukhipha kwayo okubomvu kwe-wavelength ku-694.3 nm. Yakhiwe kusuka ku-synthetic corundum (Al₂O₃) ehlanganiswe nama-ion e-chromium (Cr³⁺), le rod ye-ruby inikeza ukuqina okuhle kakhulu kokushisayo nokubonayo, okuyenza ifaneleke kumasistimu welaser wamandla aphansi kuya kwamaphakathi. Ngobude obungu-100mm, i-ruby rod ibhalansisa umthamo wokugcina amandla kanye nomklamo ohlangene, okuvumela ukuhlanganiswa okuvumelana nezimo kumadivayisi ezemfundo, ezesayensi, kanye namanye ama-laser wezimboni.

Sekungamashumi eminyaka, i-ruby rod isebenze njengengxenye ye-laser eyisisekelo kumalebhu we-optics, imibukiso ye-laser, nezinhlelo zokuqondanisa ngokunemba. Usayizi ongu-100mm umele ukukhetha okujwayelekile okulingana nohlu olubanzi lwemigodi ye-resonator. Ipholishi yangaphezulu yerubi, ukukhanya okubonakalayo, namandla emishini kuyenza ibe inketho ehlala njalo nethembekile njengoba kuvela ubuchwepheshe obusha.

Thumela i-imeyili kithi

Izici

Umdwebo onemininingwane

Isingeniso

Isimiso Sokukhiqiza

Ukukhiqizwa kwe-ruby rod kuhilela amasu athuthukile okukhulisa ikristalu njenge-Verneuil flame fusion method noma indlela yokudonsa i-Czochralski. Ngesikhathi sokuhlanganiswa, i-aluminium oxide ifakwa nge-concentration ye-chromium oxide ukuze yakhe i-crystal ruby crystal. Uma i-boule isikhulile, iyaqondiswa, isikwe, futhi ibunjwe ibe yinduku yerubi yobukhulu obufunwayo—100mm kulokhu.

I-ruby rod ngayinye iba ngaphansi kwezinqubo eziqinile zokupholisha nokumboza. Ubuso bokugcina buhlanganiswe futhi bupholishelwe ku-laser-grade flatness (λ/10 noma okungcono) futhi bungase bumbozwe nge-high-reflectivity (HR) noma izendlalelo ze-anti-reflective (AR) ze-dielectric ukuze zivumelane nemiklamo ethile ye-laser cavity. I-ruby rod kumele ikhululeke ekufakweni nasekulinganiseni ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukupompa okungaguquki kwe-optical kanye nokulahlekelwa okuncane kokuhlakazeka.

Ama-ion e-chromium ngaphakathi kwe-ruby rod amunca ukukhanya kububanzi obuluhlaza/obuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Lapho bephonswa i-flashlamp, bajabulela isimo samandla aphezulu. Njengoba zibuyela esimweni sazo esiphansi, zikhipha ama-photon abomvu ahambisanayo, aqala ukusabela okugqugquzelwayo—ngaleyo ndlela ekhiqiza ukuphuma kwe-laser. I-ruby rod engu-100mm yakhelwe ukuzuza ukugcinwa kwamandla okusebenzayo kanye nobude besikhathi se-fluorescence.

Ipharamitha

Impahla	Inani
I-Chemical Formula	Cr³⁺:Al₂O₃
I-Crystal System	I-Trigonal
Iyunithi Yeseli Ubukhulu (Hexagonal)	a = 4.785 Åc = 12.99 Å
I-X-Ray Density	3.98 g/cm³
I-Melting Point	2040°C
Ukunwetshwa kwe-Thermal @ 323 K	I-Perpendicular to c-eksisi: 5 × 10⁻⁶ K⁻¹Ukuhambisana ne-c-eksisi: 6.7 × 10⁻⁶ K⁻¹
I-Thermal Conductivity @ 300 K	28 W/m·K
Ukuqina	Mohs: 9, Knoop: 2000 kg/mm²
I-Modulus Encane	345 GPA
Ukushisa Okuthize @ 291 K	761 J/kg·K
Ipharamitha Yokumelana Nengcindezi Eshisayo (Rₜ)	34 W/cm

Izicelo zeRuby Rods Kuwo wonke Industries

Ama-ruby rod, aklanywe nge-synthetic single-crystal aluminium oxide ehlanganiswe nama-ion e-chromium, aziswa kakhulu ngenhlanganisela yawo eyingqayizivele yokuqina komzimba, ukuqina kwamakhemikhali, kanye nezakhiwo ezihlaba umxhwele zokubona. Lezi zici zenza ama-ruby rod abe into ephambili yohlu olubanzi lwezinhlelo zokusebenza zezimboni, zesayensi, nokunemba. Ngezansi imikhakha ebalulekile lapho ama-ruby rod eqhubeka nokubonisa inani eliyingqayizivele:

1. I-Laser Technology kanye nezithombe

Ama-ruby rod asebenza njengendawo yokuzuza kumalaser we-ruby, akhipha ukukhanya okubomvu ku-694.3 nm lapho empontshwa ngokubonakalayo. Ngenkathi ezinye izindlela zesimanje ezifana ne-Nd:YAG nama-fiber lasers zibusa emakethe, ama-laser we-ruby asakhethwa emikhakheni ekhethekile efana nale:

I-Medical dermatology (i-tattoo kanye nokususwa kwezilonda)
Amathuluzi okubonisa ezemfundo
Ucwaningo lwe-Optical oludinga ubude be-pulse eside kanye nekhwalithi ephezulu ye-beam

Ukucaca okuhle kakhulu kwe-optical kanye nokusebenza kahle kokuguqulwa kwamandla kwerubi kuyenza ifaneleke ekulawuleni okunembayo kwesithombe nokukhipha.

2. Ubunjiniyela be-Precision kanye ne-Metrology

Ngenxa yobulukhuni bazo obuphezulu (isilinganiso se-Mohs 9), ama-ruby rod asetshenziswa kakhulu ezinhlelweni zokulinganisa ezisekelwe kokuxhumana, okuhlanganisa:

Amathiphu e-stylus emishinini yokulinganisa yokuhlanganisa (ama-CMM)
Iphenya kumathuluzi okuhlola ngokunemba
Amaphoyinti okubhekisela okunemba okuphezulu kumageji okubonayo nawemishini

Lawa mathuluzi ancike ekuphikiseni kwe-ruby ekushintshashintsheni, ukuqinisekisa ukunemba kwesilinganiso esingaguquki, sesikhathi eside ngaphandle kokugqoka.

3. I-Watchmaking kanye ne-Micro-Bearing Applications

Ku-horology esezingeni eliphezulu, ama-ruby rods acutshungulwa abe ama-jewel bearings—izingxenye ezincane ezinciphisa ukungqubuzana nokuguga ekunyakazeni kwewashi lemishini. I-coefficient yabo ephansi yokungqubuzana nobulukhuni obuphakeme bunomthelela kulokhu:

Ukusebenza kahle kwezitimela zegiya
Ukuphila okunwetshiwe kwezingxenye zokubuka zangaphakathi
Ukuzinza kokugcina isikhathi okuthuthukisiwe

Ngaphandle kwamawashi, ama-ruby rod nawo asetshenziswa kuma-micro-motor, izinzwa zokugeleza, kanye nama-gyroscopes lapho kudingeka khona ukungqubuzana nokuthembeka okukhulu.

4. I-Aerospace kanye ne-Vacuum Systems

Ezindaweni ze-aerospace, isathelayithi, kanye ne-vacuum ephezulu, ama-ruby rods asetshenziswa njengama-spacers, izikhonkwane zokusekela, neziqondiso ezibonakalayo. Izinzuzo zabo ezibalulekile zihlanganisa:

Ukuziphatha okungaphenduki kuzilungiselelo ezinolaka lwamakhemikhali
Ukumelana nokushisa okuhle kakhulu nokuzinza kwe-dimensional
Ukuphazamiseka kazibuthe okuyiziro kumadivayisi azwelayo kagesi

Lezi zici zivumela ama-ruby rod ukuthi asebenze kahle ngaphansi kwezimo ezimbi kakhulu, okuhlanganisa ukuchayeka emisebeni, ukushintsha kwezinga lokushisa okusheshayo, nokucindezeleka kwe-vacuum.

5. Amadivayisi Okuhlaziya Nezokwelapha

Ama-ruby rod adlala indima ebalulekile ekufakweni kwezinsimbi okuyinkimbinkimbi, ikakhulukazi lapho ukuhambelana kwe-biocompatibility kanye nokungangeni kwamakhemikhali kubaluleke kakhulu. Izicelo zifaka:

Ama-probe anesihloko se-Sapphire ku-spectroscopy kanye nokuxilongwa
Imibhobho enembile noma izingxenye zokulawula ukugeleza kuzihlaziyi
Izinduku ezihlala isikhathi eside kumishini ye-automation lab

Indawo yazo ehlanzekile, ezinzile kanye nokumelana nokugqwala kuzenza zilungele ukuthintana namasampula ezinto eziphilayo noma uketshezi olusebenzayo.

6. Imikhiqizo Yokunethezeka Nomklamo Osebenzayo

Ngaphandle kokusebenza okumsulwa, ama-ruby rods ahlanganiswa ngezikhathi ezithile abe amapeni okunethezeka, amakhampasi, izingcezu zobucwebe, nama-optical scopes—asebenza njengezakhi zombili zesakhiwo nezokuhlobisa. Umbala wabo obomvu ojulile kanye nezindawo ezipholishiwe zifaka isandla kulokhu: