Amakristalu esafire akhuliswa ngempuphu ye-alumina ehlanzekile kakhulu enokuhlanzeka okungu->99.995%, okwenza kube yindawo efunwa kakhulu ye-alumina ehlanzekile kakhulu. Abonisa amandla aphezulu, ubulukhuni obuphezulu, kanye nezakhiwo zamakhemikhali ezizinzile, okwenza akwazi ukusebenza ezindaweni ezinzima njengamazinga okushisa aphezulu, ukugqwala, kanye nomthelela. Asetshenziswa kabanzi ekuvikeleni izwe, ubuchwepheshe bezakhamuzi, ubuchwepheshe be-microelectronics, kanye neminye imikhakha.
Kusukela ku-alumina powder ehlanzekile kakhulu kuya kumakristalu e-sapphire
1Ukusetshenziswa Okubalulekile kweSapphire
Emkhakheni wezokuvikela, amakristalu e-sapphire asetshenziswa kakhulu kumafasitela e-infrared e-missile. Impi yanamuhla idinga ukunemba okuphezulu kuma-missile, futhi ifasitela le-infrared optical liyingxenye ebalulekile yokufeza lesi sidingo. Uma ucabanga ukuthi ama-missile abhekana nokushisa okukhulu kwe-aerodynamic kanye nomthelela ngesikhathi sokundiza ngesivinini esikhulu, kanye nezimo zokulwa ezinzima, i-radome kumele ibe namandla aphezulu, ukumelana nomthelela, kanye nekhono lokumelana nokuguguleka okuvela esihlabathini, emvuleni, nakwezinye izimo zezulu ezinzima. Amakristalu e-sapphire, ngokudluliselwa kwawo kokukhanya okuhle kakhulu, izakhiwo ezinhle kakhulu zemishini, kanye nezici zamakhemikhali ezizinzile, abe yinto efanelekile yamafasitela e-infrared e-missile.
Ama-substrate e-LED amelela ukusetshenziswa okukhulu kwe-sapphire. Ukukhanya kwe-LED kubhekwa njengoguquko lwesithathu ngemuva kwezibani ezikhanyayo nezonga amandla. Isimiso sama-LED sihilela ukuguqula amandla kagesi abe amandla okukhanya. Lapho ugesi udlula ku-semiconductor, izimbobo nama-electron kuyahlangana, kukhulula amandla amaningi ngesimo sokukhanya, ekugcineni kukhiqize ukukhanya. Ubuchwepheshe be-chip ye-LED busekelwe kuma-wafer e-epitaxial, lapho izinto zegesi zifakwa khona ungqimba ngengqimba ku-substrate. Izinto eziyinhloko ze-substrate zifaka phakathi ama-substrate e-silicon, ama-substrate e-silicon carbide, kanye nama-substrate e-sapphire. Phakathi kwalokhu, ama-substrate e-sapphire anikeza izinzuzo ezinkulu kunezinye ezimbili, kufaka phakathi ukuzinza kwedivayisi, ubuchwepheshe bokulungiselela obuvuthiwe, ukungamuncwa kokukhanya okubonakalayo, ukuhanjiswa okuhle kokukhanya, kanye nezindleko ezimaphakathi. Idatha ikhombisa ukuthi ama-80% ezinkampani ze-LED zomhlaba wonke zisebenzisa i-sapphire njengezinto zazo ze-substrate.
Ngaphezu kwezicelo ezishiwo ngenhla, amakristalu e-sapphire asetshenziswa nasezikrinini zefoni ephathekayo, kumadivayisi ezokwelapha, ekuhlobiseni ubucwebe, kanye nanjengezinto zokuhlobisa amafasitela ezinsimbi ezahlukahlukene zokuthola zesayensi ezifana namalensi nama-prism.
2. Usayizi Wemakethe Namathemba
Njengoba kuqhutshwa ukwesekwa kwenqubomgomo kanye nezimo zokusetshenziswa ezikhulayo zama-chip e-LED, isidingo sama-substrate e-sapphire kanye nosayizi wawo wemakethe kulindeleke ukuthi sifinyelele ukukhula okuphindwe kabili. Ngo-2025, umthamo wokuthunyelwa kwama-substrate e-sapphire kulindeleke ukuthi ufinyelele izingcezu eziyizigidi ezingu-103 (eziguqulwe zaba ama-substrate angu-4-intshi), okumele ukwanda ngo-63% uma kuqhathaniswa no-2021, ngesilinganiso sokukhula sonyaka esihlanganisiwe (i-CAGR) esingu-13% kusukela ngo-2021 kuya ku-2025. Usayizi wemakethe wama-substrate e-sapphire kulindeleke ukuthi ufinyelele ku-¥8 billion ngo-2025, ukwanda ngo-108% uma kuqhathaniswa no-2021, nge-CAGR engu-20% kusukela ngo-2021 kuya ku-2025. Njenge-"precursor" yama-substrate, usayizi wemakethe kanye nomkhuba wokukhula kwamakristalu e-sapphire kusobala.
3. Ukulungiswa Kwamakristalu E-Sapphire
Kusukela ngo-1891, lapho isazi semithi saseFrance uVerneuil A. sisungula indlela yokuhlanganisa amalangabi ukuze kukhiqizwe amakristalu ayigugu okwenziwa okokuqala, ucwaningo lokukhula kwamakristalu e-sapphire okwenziwa luthathe iminyaka engaphezu kwekhulu. Phakathi nalesi sikhathi, intuthuko kwezesayensi nobuchwepheshe iholele ocwaningweni olunzulu kumasu okukhula kwamakristalu ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo zezimboni zekhwalithi ephezulu yamakristalu, amazinga okusetshenziswa athuthukisiwe, kanye nezindleko zokukhiqiza ezincishisiwe. Kuvele izindlela ezintsha ezahlukahlukene kanye nobuchwepheshe bokukhulisa amakristalu e-sapphire, njengendlela ye-Czochralski, indlela ye-Kyropoulos, indlela yokukhula kwefilimu echazwe ngokugqamile (EFG), kanye nendlela yokushintshanisa ukushisa (HEM).
3.1 Indlela yeCzochralski Yokukhulisa Amakristalu E-Sapphire
Indlela yeCzochralski, eyasungulwa nguCzochralski J. ngo-1918, yaziwa nangokuthi inqubo yeCzochralski (efingqiwe ngokuthi indlela yeCz). Ngo-1964, iPoladino AE kanye neRotter BD baqale ukusebenzisa le ndlela ukutshala amakristalu e-sapphire. Kuze kube manje, ikhiqize inani elikhulu lamakristalu e-sapphire asezingeni eliphezulu. Lo mgomo uhilela ukuncibilikisa izinto zokusetshenziswa ukuze kwakheke ukuncibilika, bese kucwiliswa imbewu eyodwa yekristalu endaweni yokuncibilika. Ngenxa yomehluko wokushisa endaweni yokuhlangana eqinile noketshezi, kwenzeka ukupholisa kakhulu, okubangela ukuthi ukuncibilika kuqine ebusweni bembewu bese kuqala ukukhulisa ikristalu eyodwa enesakhiwo esifanayo sekristalu nembewu. Imbewu idonswa kancane kancane phezulu ngenkathi ijikeleza ngesivinini esithile. Njengoba imbewu idonswa, ukuncibilika kuyaqina kancane kancane endaweni yokuhlangana, kwakha ikristalu eyodwa. Le ndlela, ehilela ukudonsa ikristalu ekuncibilikeni, ingenye yezindlela ezivamile zokulungiselela amakristalu asezingeni eliphezulu.
Izinzuzo zendlela yeCzochralski zifaka: (1) izinga lokukhula okusheshayo, okuvumela ukukhiqizwa kwamakristalu angawodwa asezingeni eliphezulu ngesikhathi esifushane; (2) amakristalu akhula endaweni encibilikayo ngaphandle kokuthintana nodonga oluqongelela, okunciphisa ngempumelelo ukucindezeleka kwangaphakathi nokuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yamakristalu. Kodwa-ke, inkinga enkulu yale ndlela ubunzima bokukhulisa amakristalu amakhulu, okwenza angafaneleki kangako ukukhiqiza amakristalu amakhulu.
3.2 Indlela yeKyropoulos Yokukhulisa Amakristalu E-Sapphire
Indlela yeKyropoulos, eyasungulwa nguKyropoulos ngo-1926 (efushaniswe ngokuthi indlela ye-KY), ifana nendlela yeCzochralski. Ihilela ukucwilisa ikristalu yembewu endaweni yokuncibilika bese uyidonsa kancane kancane phezulu ukuze yakhe intamo. Uma izinga lokuqina endaweni yokuhlangana kwembewu yokuncibilika selizinzile, imbewu ayisadonswa noma ijikeleziswe. Esikhundleni salokho, izinga lokupholisa lilawulwa ukuvumela ikristalu eyodwa ukuthi iqine kancane kancane kusukela phezulu kuye phansi, ekugcineni yakhe ikristalu eyodwa.
Inqubo yeKyropoulos ikhiqiza amakristalu anekhwalithi ephezulu, ubuningi obuphansi besici, amakhulu, futhi anenzuzo ngezindleko.
3.3 Indlela Yokukhula Kwefilimu Echazwe Ngokuphelele (i-EFG) Yokukhulisa Amakristalu E-Sapphire
Indlela ye-EFG iwubuchwepheshe bokukhula kwekristalu obumile. Isimiso sayo sihilela ukubeka ukuncibilika kwephuzu eliphezulu esikhumbeni. Ukuncibilika kudonselwa phezulu kwesikhumbeni ngesenzo se-capillary, lapho kuxhumana khona nekristalu yembewu. Njengoba imbewu idonswa futhi ukuncibilika kuqina, kwakheka ikristalu elilodwa. Ubukhulu kanye nesimo somphetho wesikhunta kuvimbela ubukhulu bekristalu. Ngenxa yalokho, le ndlela inemikhawulo ethile futhi ifaneleka kakhulu kumakristalu e-sapphire amile njengamapayipi namaphrofayili anomumo we-U.
3.4 Indlela Yokushintshanisa Ukushisa (HEM) Yokukhulisa Amakristalu E-Sapphire
Indlela yokushintshanisa ukushisa yokulungiselela amakristalu amakhulu e-sapphire yasungulwa nguFred Schmid noDennis ngo-1967. Uhlelo lwe-HEM lune-thermal insulation enhle kakhulu, ukulawula okuzimele kwe-gradient yokushisa ekuncibilikeni nasekristaleni, kanye nokulawula okuhle. Lukhiqiza kalula amakristalu e-sapphire anokuhlukaniswa okuncane futhi amakhulu.
Izinzuzo zendlela ye-HEM zifaka phakathi ukungabikho kokunyakaza esitsheni esivuthayo, ikristalu, kanye ne-heater ngesikhathi sokukhula, okususa izenzo zokudonsa ezifana nalezo ezisezindleleni ze-Kyropoulos kanye ne-Czochralski. Lokhu kunciphisa ukuphazamiseka kwabantu futhi kugwema amaphutha ekristalu abangelwa ukunyakaza komshini. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinga lokupholisa lingalawulwa ukuze kuncishiswe ukucindezeleka kokushisa kanye namaphutha okuqhekeka kwekristalu kanye nokuphuma kwawo. Le ndlela ivumela ukukhula kwamakristalu amakhulu, kulula ukuyisebenzisa, futhi inamathemba entuthuko athembisayo.
Isebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obujulile ekukhuleni nasekucutshungulweni kwekristalu le-sapphire, i-XKH inikeza izixazululo ze-sapphire wafer ezenziwe ngokwezifiso eziklanyelwe ukuvikela, i-LED, kanye nezinhlelo zokusebenza ze-optoelectronics. Ngaphezu kwe-sapphire, sinikeza uhla oluphelele lwezinto ze-semiconductor ezisebenza kahle kakhulu kufaka phakathi ama-wafer e-silicon carbide (SiC), ama-wafer e-silicon, izingxenye ze-ceramic ze-SiC, kanye nemikhiqizo ye-quartz. Siqinisekisa ikhwalithi evelele, ukuthembeka, kanye nokusekelwa kobuchwepheshe kuzo zonke izinto, sisiza amakhasimende ukuthi afinyelele ukusebenza okuphumelelayo ezinhlelweni zokusebenza zezimboni nezocwaningo ezithuthukisiwe.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Agasti-29-2025