Isingeniso
Igqugquzelwe impumelelo yama-electronic integrated circuits (EICs), inkambu yama-photonic integrated circuits (PICs) ibilokhu ivela kusukela ekuqaleni kwayo ngo-1969. Nokho, ngokungafani nama-EIC, ukuthuthukiswa kweplatifomu yendawo yonke ekwazi ukusekela izinhlelo zokusebenza ezihlukahlukene ze-photonic kusalokhu kuyinselele enkulu. Lesi sihloko sihlola ubuchwepheshe obusafufusa be-Lithium Niobate ku-Insulator (LNOI), osebuphenduke isixazululo esithembisayo sama-PIC esizukulwane esilandelayo.
Ukukhula kwe-LNOI Technology
I-Lithium niobate (LN) sekuyisikhathi eside ibonwa njengento ebalulekile yezinhlelo zokusebenza zezithombe. Kodwa-ke, kuphela ngokufika kwefilimu elincanyana i-LNOI kanye nezindlela zokwenziwa ezithuthukile lapho amandla ayo aphelele evuliwe. Abacwaningi babonise ngempumelelo ama-waveguides e-ultra-low-loss ridge kanye nama-microresonators e-Ultra-high-Q kumapulatifomu e-LNOI [1], okumaka ukweqa okubalulekile kuzithombe ezididiyelwe.
Izinzuzo ezibalulekile ze-LNOI Technology
- Ukulahleka kokubona okuphansi kakhulu(ngaphansi kuka-0.01 dB/cm)
- Izakhiwo ze-nanophotonic ezisezingeni eliphezulu
- Ukusekela izinqubo ezihlukahlukene ze-optical nonlinear
- Ukulinganisa kwe-electro-optic (EO) okuhlanganisiwe
Izinqubo ze-Optical ezingaqondile ku-LNOI
Izakhiwo ezisebenza kahle kakhulu ze-nanophotonic ezakhiwe kuplathifomu ye-LNOI zinika amandla ukufezeka kwezinqubo zokubona ezibalulekile ezingaqondile ngokusebenza kahle okuphawulekayo namandla amancane epompo. Izinqubo ezibonisiwe zihlanganisa:
- Isizukulwane sesibili se-Harmonic (SHG)
- I-Sum Frequency Generation (SFG)
- I-Difference Frequency Generation (DFG)
- I-Parametric Down-Conversion (PDC)
- I-Four-Wave Mixing (FWM)
Izikimu ezehlukene zokuqhathanisa izigaba ziye zasetshenziswa ukuze kuthuthukiswe lezi zinqubo, kusungulwe i-LNOI njengenkundla yokubona engaguquguquki kakhulu engaqondile.
Amadivayisi Ahlanganiswe Nge-Electro-Optically Tunable
Ubuchwepheshe be-LNOI buphinde buye benza ukuthi kuthuthukiswe uhla olubanzi lwamadivayisi ezithombe ezithwebulayo asebenzayo nezingenzi lutho, afana nalawa:
- Amamojula we-Optical anesivinini esikhulu
- Ama-PIC asebenza kaningi alungisekayo
- Ama-combs atholakalayo
- Iziphethu ze-Micro-optomechanical
Lawa madivayisi asebenzisa izakhiwo ze-EO zangaphakathi ze-lithium niobate ukuze afinyelele ukulawulwa okunembile, kwejubane eliphezulu kwamasignali okukhanya.
Izicelo Ezisebenzayo ze-LNOI Photonics
Ama-PIC asuselwa ku-LNOI manje asemukelwa ngenani elikhulayo lezinhlelo zokusebenza ezisebenzayo, okuhlanganisa:
- Iziguquli ze-Microwave-to-optical
- Izinzwa zamehlo
- Ama-spectrometer e-on-chip
- Ama-Optical frequency Combs
- Amasistimu ezokuxhumana athuthukile
Lezi zinhlelo zokusebenza zibonisa amandla e-LNOI okufanisa ukusebenza kwezingxenye ze-bulk-optic, kuyilapho zinikeza izixazululo ezilula, ezonga amandla ngokwenziwa kwe-photolithographic.
Izinselele Zamanje kanye Nezikhombisi-ndlela Ezizayo
Naphezu kwenqubekelaphambili yabo ethembisayo, ubuchwepheshe be-LNOI bubhekene nezithiyo ezimbalwa zobuchwepheshe:
a) Okunye Ukunciphisa Ukulahleka Kwama-Optical
Ukulahleka kwamanje kwe-waveguide (0.01 dB/cm) kusewuhlelo lobukhulu obungaphezulu komkhawulo wokumuncwa kwezinto. Intuthuko kumasu okusika i-ion kanye ne-nanofabrication iyadingeka ukuze kuncishiswe ukuhwaqeka kwendawo kanye nokukhubazeka okuhlobene nokumuncwa.
b) Ukulawulwa Kwejiyomethri Ye-Waveguide Ethuthukisiwe
Ukunika amandla ama-sub-700 nm waveguides kanye nezikhala zokuhlanganisa ezingaphansi kwe-2 μm ngaphandle kokudela ukuphindaphinda noma ukwandisa ukulahlekelwa kokusakazwa kubalulekile ekuhlanganisweni okuphezulu.
c) Ukuthuthukisa Ukusebenza Kokuhlanganisa
Nakuba amafayibha acijile kanye neziguquli zemodi zisiza ukufeza ukusebenza kahle kokuhlanganisa, ama-anti-reflection angathuthukisa ukuboniswa kwesixhumi esibonakalayo somoya.
d) Ukuthuthukiswa Kwezingxenye Ze-Loss-Loss Polarization
Amadivayisi ezithombe angezwani ne-polarization ku-LNOI abalulekile, adinga izingxenye ezihambisana nokusebenza kwezihlukanisi zezindawo zamahhala.
e) Ukuhlanganiswa kwe-Control Electronics
Ukuhlanganisa ngempumelelo ama-elekthronikhi okulawula ubukhulu ngaphandle kokululaza ukusebenza kokubona kuyisiqondiso esibalulekile socwaningo.
f) Isigaba Esithuthukisiwe Sokufanisa kanye Nobunjiniyela Bokuhlakazeka
Ukwenza iphethini kwesizinda okuthembekile ekulungisweni kwe-sub-micron kubalulekile kuma-nonlinear optics kodwa kuhlala kuwubuchwepheshe obungavuthiwe kuplathifomu ye-LNOI.
g) Isinxephezelo Seziphambeko Zokwenziwa
Amasu okunciphisa amashifu esigaba okubangwa izinguquko zemvelo noma ukuhlukahluka kokwenziwa abalulekile ekusetshenzisweni komhlaba wangempela.
h) Ukusebenzisana Okuphumelelayo Kwe-Multi-Chip
Ukubhekana nokuhlangana okusebenzayo phakathi kwama-chips amaningi e-LNOI kuyadingeka ukuze kudlule imikhawulo yokuhlanganisa i-wafer eyodwa.
Ukuhlanganiswa kwe-Monolithic kwezingxenye ezisebenzayo nezingenasici
Inselele eyinhloko yama-LNOI PICs ukuhlanganiswa kwe-monolithic okungabizi kakhulu kwezingxenye ezisebenzayo nezingenzi lutho ezifana nalezi:
- Ama-Lasers
- Izihloli
- Iziguquli ze-wavelength ezingaqondile
- Ama-modulators
- Ama-Multiplexers/Demultiplexers
Amasu amanje afaka:
a) Ion Doping ye-LNOI:
I-doping ekhethiwe yama-ion asebenzayo ezifundeni ezikhethiwe ingaholela emithonjeni yokukhanya ye-on-chip.
b) Ukuhlanganisa kanye Nokuhlanganiswa Okungafani:
Ukuhlanganisa ama-LNOI PICs akhiwe ngaphambilini anezendlalelo ze-LNOI ezidotshiwe noma ama-laser we-III-V kunikeza enye indlela.
c) I-Hybrid Active/Passive LNOI Wafer Fabrication:
Indlela emisha ibandakanya ukubopha amawafa e-LN ane-doped navuliwe ngaphambi kokusikwa kwe-ion, okuholela kumawafa e-LNOI anezifunda zombili ezisebenzayo nezingenzi lutho.
Umfanekiso 1ibonisa umqondo wama-PIC ahlanganisiwe ahlanganisiwe asebenzayo/angenzi lutho, lapho inqubo ye-lithographic eyodwa inika amandla ukuqondanisa okungenazihibe nokuhlanganiswa kwazo zombili izinhlobo zezingxenye.
Ukuhlanganiswa kwama-Photodetectors
Ukuhlanganisa ama-photodetectors kuma-PIC asuselwa ku-LNOI kungesinye isinyathelo esibalulekile esiya kumasistimu asebenza ngokugcwele. Kusaphenywa izindlela ezimbili eziyinhloko:
a) Ukuhlanganiswa Okungafani:
I-Semiconductor nanostructures ingahlanganiswa okwesikhashana kuma-waveguides e-LNOI. Kodwa-ke, ukuthuthukiswa ekusebenzeni kahle kokutholwa kanye nokulinganisa kusadingeka.
b) Ukuguqulwa kwe-Wavelength engaqondile:
Izakhiwo ezingaqondile ze-LN zivumela ukuguqulwa kwemvamisa ngaphakathi kwamagagasi amagagasi, okuvumela ukusetshenziswa kwama-silicon photodetectors ajwayelekile ngokunganaki ubude begagasi obusebenzayo.
Isiphetho
Ukuthuthuka okusheshayo kobuchwepheshe be-LNOI kusondeza imboni endaweni ye-PIC yendawo yonke ekwazi ukuhlinzeka ngezinhlelo zokusebenza eziningi. Ngokubhekana nezinselele ezikhona kanye nokuqhubekisela phambili emisha ekuhlanganisweni kwe-monolithic kanye nomtshina, ama-PIC asekelwe e-LNOI anamandla okuguqula izinkambu ezifana nezokuxhumana, ulwazi lwe-quantum, kanye nokuzwa.
I-LNOI inesithembiso sokugcwalisa umbono wesikhathi eside wama-PIC angakala, afana nempumelelo nomthelela wama-EIC. Imizamo eqhubekayo ye-R&D—njengaleyo evela ku-Nanjing Photonics Process Platform kanye ne-XiaoyaoTech Design Platform—izoba semqoka ekulolongeni ikusasa lezithombe ezididiyelwe kanye nokuvula amathuba amasha kuzo zonke izizinda zobuchwepheshe.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Jul-18-2025