Isingeniso
Iphefumulelwe yimpumelelo yamasekethe ahlanganisiwe kagesi (ama-EIC), insimu yamasekethe ahlanganisiwe e-photonic (ama-PIC) ibilokhu ishintsha kusukela yasungulwa ngo-1969. Kodwa-ke, ngokungafani nama-EIC, ukuthuthukiswa kwepulatifomu yendawo yonke ekwazi ukusekela izinhlelo zokusebenza ezahlukahlukene ze-photonic kusalokhu kuyinselele enkulu. Lesi sihloko sihlola ubuchwepheshe obusha be-Lithium Niobate on Insulator (LNOI), obusheshe baba yisisombululo esithembisayo sama-PIC esizukulwane esilandelayo.
Ukuvela Kobuchwepheshe be-LNOI
I-Lithium niobate (LN) ibilokhu iqashelwa njengento ebalulekile ekusetshenzisweni kwe-photonic. Kodwa-ke, kuphela ngokufika kwe-LNOI yefilimu encane kanye namasu okukhiqiza athuthukile lapho amandla ayo aphelele evuliwe khona. Abacwaningi babonise ngempumelelo ama-waveguides e-ridge aphansi kakhulu kanye nama-microresonator e-ultra-high-Q kumapulatifomu e-LNOI [1], okubonisa igxathu elikhulu kuma-photonics ahlanganisiwe.
Izinzuzo Eziyinhloko Zobuchwepheshe be-LNOI
- Ukulahleka okubonakalayo okuphansi kakhulu(ephansi njenge-0.01 dB/cm)
- Izakhiwo ze-nanophotonic ezisezingeni eliphezulu
- Ukusekelwa kwezinqubo ezahlukahlukene zokukhanya ezingezona eziqondile
- Ukulungiswa kwe-electro-optic ehlanganisiwe (EO)
Izinqubo ze-Optical ezingezona eziqondile ku-LNOI
Izakhiwo ze-nanophotonic ezisebenza kahle kakhulu ezenziwe epulatifomu ye-LNOI zivumela ukufezwa kwezinqubo ezibalulekile zokukhanya ezingezona eziqondile ngokusebenza kahle okumangalisayo kanye namandla amancane okupompa. Izinqubo ezibonisiwe zifaka:
- Isizukulwane Sesibili Se-Harmonic (SHG)
- Ukukhiqizwa Kwemvamisa Yesamba (SFG)
- Ukukhiqizwa Kwemvamisa Yomehluko (DFG)
- Ukuguqulwa Kokuphansi Kwe-Parametric (PDC)
- Ukuxuba Amagagasi Amane (FWM)
Kuye kwasetshenziswa izinhlelo ezahlukene zokufanisa izigaba ukuze kuthuthukiswe lezi zinqubo, kwasungulwa i-LNOI njengeplatifomu yokukhanya engeyona eye-linear eguquguqukayo kakhulu.
Amadivayisi Ahlanganisiwe Alungiseka Ngokusebenzisa Ugesi
Ubuchwepheshe be-LNOI bukwazile futhi ukuthuthukisa izinhlobo eziningi zamadivayisi e-photonic asebenzayo nangasebenzi, njenge:
- Ama-modulators optical asheshayo
- Ama-PIC aphinde alungiseke futhi anemisebenzi eminingi
- Ama-frequency combs alungisekayo
- Iziphethu ezincane ze-optomechanical
Lawa madivayisi asebenzisa izakhiwo ze-EO zangaphakathi ze-lithium niobate ukuze afinyelele ukulawulwa okunembile nokusheshayo kwezibonakaliso zokukhanya.
Ukusetshenziswa Okusebenzayo kwe-LNOI Photonics
Ama-PIC asekelwe ku-LNOI manje asetshenziswa ngenani elikhulayo lezicelo ezisebenzayo, okuhlanganisa:
- Iziguquli ze-microwave-to-optical
- Izinzwa ezibonakalayo
- Ama-spectrometer aku-chip
- Ama-combs emvamisa yokukhanya
- Izinhlelo zokuxhumana ezithuthukisiwe
Lezi zinhlelo zokusebenza zibonisa amandla e-LNOI okuhambisana nokusebenza kwezingxenye ze-bulk-optic, ngenkathi inikeza izixazululo ezikwazi ukulinganiswa, ezisebenzisa amandla ngendlela eyongayo ngokusebenzisa ukwenziwa kwe-photolithographic.
Izinselele Zamanje Neziqondiso Zesikhathi Esizayo
Naphezu kwentuthuko yayo ethembisayo, ubuchwepheshe be-LNOI bubhekene nezingqinamba eziningana zobuchwepheshe:
a) Ukunciphisa Ukulahlekelwa Okubonakalayo Okuqhubekayo
Ukulahleka kwe-waveguide yamanje (0.01 dB/cm) kusese-oda lobukhulu obuphezulu kunomkhawulo wokumuncwa kwezinto. Kudingeka intuthuko kumasu okusika ama-ion kanye nokwakheka kwe-nano ukuze kuncishiswe ukugoba kobuso kanye nokukhubazeka okuhlobene nokumuncwa.
b) Ukulawulwa Okuthuthukisiwe Kwejiyometri Yesiqondiso Samagagasi
Ukunika amandla ama-waveguides angaphansi kuka-700 nm kanye nezikhala zokuxhumanisa ezingaphansi kuka-2 μm ngaphandle kokunciphisa ukuphindaphindeka noma ukwandisa ukulahlekelwa kokusabalala kubalulekile ekuhlanganiseni okuphezulu.
c) Ukuthuthukisa Ukusebenza Kahle Kokuxhumanisa
Nakuba ama-fiber anciphile kanye nama-mode converters asiza ekufinyeleleni ukusebenza kahle okuphezulu kokuxhuma, izembozo ezilwa nokukhanya zinganciphisa kakhulu ukubonakaliswa kwesikhombikubona sezinto zomoya.
d) Ukuthuthukiswa Kwezingxenye Zokuhlukaniswa Kwe-Polarization Ezinokulahlekelwa Okuphansi
Amadivayisi e-photonic angazweli i-polarization ku-LNOI abalulekile, adinga izingxenye ezihambisana nokusebenza kwama-polarizers esikhala esikhululekile.
e) Ukuhlanganiswa Kwezinto Zokulawula Ezilawulwayo
Ukuhlanganisa ngempumelelo ama-electronics okulawula amakhulu ngaphandle kokwehlisa ukusebenza kwe-optical kuyisiqondiso esibalulekile socwaningo.
f) Ubunjiniyela Bokufanisa Nokusabalalisa Izigaba Ezithuthukisiwe
Ukuhlelwa kwesizinda okuthembekile ekuxazululweni kwe-sub-micron kubalulekile kuma-optics angewona aqondile kodwa kusewubuchwepheshe obungavuthiwe epulatifomu ye-LNOI.
g) Isinxephezelo Sezinkinga Zokukhiqiza
Amasu okunciphisa ukushintsha kwesigaba okubangelwa izinguquko zemvelo noma ukuhlukahluka kokukhiqiza abalulekile ekusetshenzisweni komhlaba wangempela.
h) Ukuxhumanisa Okusebenzayo Kwama-Multi-Chip
Ukubhekana nokuhlanganiswa okuphumelelayo phakathi kwama-chip amaningi e-LNOI kuyadingeka ukuze kukhuliswe ngale kwemingcele yokuhlanganiswa kwe-single-wafer.
Ukuhlanganiswa kwe-Monolithic kwezingxenye ezisebenzayo nezingasebenzi
Inselele eyinhloko yama-LNOI PICs ukuhlanganiswa kwe-monolithic okungabizi kakhulu kwezingxenye ezisebenzayo nezingasebenzi njenge:
- Ama-Laser
- Izitholi
- Ama-converter we-wavelength angewona oqondile
- Ama-Modulators
- Ama-Multiplexers/Demultiplexers
Amasu amanje afaka:
a) Ukufakwa kwe-ion kwe-LNOI:
Ukukhetha ama-ion asebenzayo ezindaweni ezikhethiwe kungaholela emithonjeni yokukhanya eku-chip.
b) Ukuhlanganiswa kanye nokuhlanganiswa okungafani:
Ukubopha ama-LNOI PIC angasebenzi aqanjwe ngaphambilini ngezingqimba ze-LNOI ezifakwe i-doped noma ama-laser e-III-V kunikeza enye indlela.
c) Ukwenziwa kwe-Hybrid Active/Passive LNOI Wafer:
Indlela entsha ihilela ukubopha ama-wafer e-LN axutshwe futhi angavulwanga ngaphambi kokusikwa kwama-ion, okuholela kuma-wafer e-LNOI anezindawo ezisebenzayo nezingasebenzi.
Umfanekiso 1ikhombisa umqondo wama-PIC asebenzayo/angasebenzi ahlanganisiwe ahlanganisiwe, lapho inqubo eyodwa ye-lithographic ivumela ukuvumelanisa okungenamthungo nokuhlanganiswa kwazo zombili izinhlobo zezingxenye.
Ukuhlanganiswa kwama-Photodetector
Ukuhlanganisa ama-photodetector kuma-PIC asekelwe ku-LNOI kungenye isinyathelo esibalulekile sezinhlelo ezisebenza ngokugcwele. Izindlela ezimbili eziyinhloko ziyaphenywa:
a) Ukuhlanganiswa Okungalingani:
Izakhiwo ezincane ze-semiconductor zingahlanganiswa okwesikhashana nama-waveguide e-LNOI. Kodwa-ke, kusadingeka ukuthuthukiswa kokusebenza kahle kokuthola kanye nokukhula.
b) Ukuguqulwa Kwamagagasi Angewona Oqondile:
Izakhiwo ze-LN ezingezona eziqondile zivumela ukuguqulwa kwemvamisa ngaphakathi kwama-waveguides, okuvumela ukusetshenziswa kwama-photodetector e-silicon ajwayelekile kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ubude be-wavelength busebenza kangakanani.
Isiphetho
Ukuthuthuka okusheshayo kobuchwepheshe be-LNOI kusondeza imboni eduze kwepulatifomu ye-PIC yomhlaba wonke ekwazi ukukhonza izinhlelo zokusebenza eziningi ezahlukene. Ngokubhekana nezinselele ezikhona kanye nokuqhubekisela phambili izinto ezintsha ekuhlanganisweni kwe-monolithic kanye ne-detector, ama-PIC asekelwe ku-LNOI anamandla okuguqula izinkambu ezifana nokuxhumana ngocingo, ulwazi lwe-quantum, kanye nokuzwa.
I-LNOI inesithembiso sokugcwalisa umbono wesikhathi eside wama-PIC angalinganiswa, ohambisana nempumelelo nomthelela wama-EIC. Imizamo eqhubekayo ye-R&D—njengaleyo evela ku-Nanjing Photonics Process Platform kanye ne-XiaoyaoTech Design Platform—izoba yinto ebalulekile ekwakheni ikusasa lama-photonics ahlanganisiwe kanye nokuvula amathuba amasha kuzo zonke izizinda zobuchwepheshe.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Julayi-18-2025