NgoLwesithathu, uMongameli uBiden umemezele isivumelwano sokuhlinzeka i-Intel ngezimali eziqondile zamaRandi ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane eziyi-8.5 kanye nezimali ezibolekiwe zamaRandi ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane eziyi-11 ngaphansi koMthetho we-CHIPS neSayensi.I-Intel izosebenzisa lolu xhaso ngendwangu yayo yama-wafer e-Arizona, Ohio, New Mexico, nase-Oregon.Njengoba kubikiwe ephephandabeni lethu langoDisemba 2023, uMthetho we-CHIPS uhlinzeka ngesamba semali eyizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-52.7 zamaRandi embonini ye-semiconductor yase-US, okuhlanganisa namabhiliyoni angama-$39 wemihlomulo yokukhiqiza.Ngaphambi kokwabiwa kwe-Intel, uMthetho we-CHIPS wawuvele unikeze isamba semali eyizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-1.7 zamaRandi ku-GlobalFoundries, Microchip Technology, kanye ne-BAE Systems, ngokusho kweSemiconductor Industry Association (SIA).
Inqubekelaphambili ekuxhaseni ngezimali ngaphansi koMthetho we-CHIPS ihambe kancane, njengoba isabelo sokuqala simenyezelwe esikhathini esingangonyaka ngemva kokuphasiswa kwaso.Ngenxa yokukhokha kancane kancane, amaphrojekthi athile amakhulu e-semiconductor e-United States abambezelekile.I-TSMC iphinde yaphawula ubunzima ekutholeni abasebenzi bokwakha abaqeqeshiwe.I-Intel iveze ukubambezeleka ngokwengxenye ngenxa yokuncipha kokuthengisa.
Amanye amazwe nawo abele izimali zokuthuthukisa ukukhiqizwa kwe-semiconductor.NgoSepthemba 2023, i-European Union yaphasisa uMthetho we-European Chips Act, obeka ama-euro ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-430 (cishe amaRandi ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-470) ekutshalweni kwezimali komphakathi nokwangasese embonini ye-semiconductor.NgoNovemba 2023, iJapan yabela i-¥2 trillion (cishe amaRandi ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane eziyi-13) yokukhiqiza ama-semiconductor.I-Taiwan yenze umthetho ngoJanuwari 2024 wokuhlinzeka ngezinzuzo zentela ezinkampanini ze-semiconductor.NgoMashi 2023, iSouth Korea yaphasisa umthethosivivinywa wokuhlinzeka ngezinxephezelo zentela kubuchwepheshe bamasu, okuhlanganisa nama-semiconductors.I-China kulindeleke ukuthi isungule isikhwama esisekelwa uhulumeni samaRandi ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-40 ukuxhasa imboni yayo ye-semiconductor.
Yimaphi amathuba okusetshenziswa kwemali embonini ye-semiconductor (CapEx) kulo nyaka?Umthetho we-CHIPS uhlose ukugqugquzela ukusetshenziswa kwezimali, kodwa umthelela omningi ngeke ubonakale kuze kube ngemva kuka-2024. Ngonyaka odlule, imakethe ye-semiconductor yehle ngokudabukisayo ngo-8.2%, okuholele izinkampani eziningi ukuba zisebenzisa indlela yokuqapha ekusetshenzisweni kwezimali ngo-2024. Siyalinganisela. ukuthi isamba se-semiconductor CapEx ngo-2023 sasingu-$169 billion, ukwehla ngo-7% kusukela ngo-2022. Sibikezela ukwehla ngo-2% ku-CapEx ngo-2024.
Ngokubuyiselwa kwemakethe yenkumbulo kanye nokwenyuka okulindelekile kwesidingo sezinhlelo zokusebenza ezintsha ezifana nobuhlakani bokufakelwa, izinkampani ezinkulu zenkumbulo kulindeleke ukuthi zinyuse imali esetshenziswayo ngo-2024. AbakwaSamsung bahlela ukugcina ukusetshenziswa kwemali okuphansi ngo-2024 ku-$37 billion kodwa abazange banciphise imali. ukusetshenziswa kwemali ngo-2023. I-Micron Technology kanye ne-SK Hynix zehlise kakhulu ukusetshenziswa kwezimali ngo-2023 futhi zihlela ukukhula ngamadijithi amabili ngo-2024.
Isizinda esikhulu kunazo zonke, i-TSMC, ihlela ukusebenzisa cishe amaRandi ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-28 kuya ku-32 wamaRandi ngo-2024, ngenani eliphakathi lama-dollar ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-30, ukwehla ngo-6% kusukela ngo-2023. I-SMIC ihlela ukugcina izindleko zenhloko-dolobha ziphansi, kuyilapho i-UMC ihlela ukunyuka ngo-10%.I-GlobalFoundries ilindele ukwehliswa kwezindleko ze-capital ngo-61% ngo-2024 kodwa izokwandisa ukusetshenziswa kwemali eminyakeni embalwa ezayo ngokwakhiwa kwendwangu entsha eMalta, eNew York.
Phakathi Kwabakhiqizi Bedivayisi Abadidiyelwe (ama-IDM), i-Intel ihlela ukukhulisa ukusetshenziswa kwezimali ngo-2% ngo-2024 kuya ku-$26.2 billion.I-Intel izokwandisa umthamo wawo womabili amakhasimende e-Foundry nemikhiqizo yangaphakathi.Izindleko ezinkulu ze-Texas Instruments 'zihlala ziphansi.I-TI ihlela ukusebenzisa cishe ama-dollar ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezinhlanu ngonyaka kuze kube ngu-2026, ikakhulukazi ngendwangu yayo entsha e-Sherman, eTexas.I-STMicroelectronics izokwehlisa ukusetshenziswa kwezimali ngo-39%, kuyilapho i-Infineon Technologies izokwehla ngo-3%.
AbakwaSamsung, TSMC, kanye ne-Intel, abasebenzisa imali enkulu abathathu, kulindeleke ukuthi bakhokhele u-57% wezindleko zemboni ye-semiconductor ngo-2024.
Yiliphi izinga elifanelekile lezindleko zekhephithali uma kuqhathaniswa nemakethe ye-semiconductor?Ukuntengantenga kwemakethe ye-semiconductor kwaziwa kakhulu.Kule minyaka engama-40 edlule, izinga lokukhula konyaka lehlile lisuka ku-46% ngo-1984 laya ku-32% ngo-2001. Nakuba ukuntengantenga kwemboni kwehlile ngokuvuthwa, izinga lokukhula kwayo lifinyelele ku-26% kule minyaka emihlanu edlule.Yehle ngo-12% ngo-2021 kanye no-12% ngo-2019. Izinkampani ze-semiconductor zidinga ukuhlela amandla azo eminyakeni ezayo.Ukwakha indwangu entsha ngokuvamile kuthatha cishe iminyaka emibili, kanye nesikhathi esengeziwe esidingekayo sokuhlela nokuxhasa ngezimali.Ngenxa yalokhu, ingxenye yezindleko ze-semiconductor capital emakethe ye-semiconductor yehluka kakhulu, njengoba kukhonjisiwe ngezansi.
2---Silicon Carbide: Ibheke enkathini entsha yama-wafers
Isilinganiso sezindleko ze-semiconductor capital size sisuke ku-34% saya kwephansi ngo-12%.Isilinganiso seminyaka emihlanu siwela phakathi kuka-28% no-18%.Phakathi naso sonke isikhathi kusukela ngo-1980 kuya ku-2023, ukusetshenziswa kwemali enkulu kuye kwabalelwa ku-23% wemakethe ye-semiconductor.Naphezu kokuguquguquka, ukuthambekela kwesikhathi eside kwalesi silinganiso kusalokhu kufana.Ngokusekelwe ekukhuleni okuqinile kwemakethe okulindelekile kanye nokwehla kwezindleko ezinkulu, silindele ukuthi lesi silinganiso sizokwehla sisuka ku-32% ngo-2023 siye ku-27% ngo-2024.
Izibikezelo eziningi zibikezela ukukhula kwemakethe ye-semiconductor ebangeni lika-13% ukuya ku-20% ngo-2024. Ubuhlakani bethu be-semiconductor bubikezela ukukhula ngo-18%.Uma u-2024 esebenza ngamandla njengoba bekulindelekile, izinkampani zingase zinyuse izinhlelo zazo zezindleko ezinkulu ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.Singalindela ukubona izinguquko ezinhle ekusetshenzisweni kwemali kwe-semiconductor ngo-2024.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Apr-08-2024