1. Ukucindezeleka Okushisayo Ngesikhathi Sokupholisa (Imbangela Eyinhloko)
I-quartz ehlanganisiwe idala ingcindezi ngaphansi kwezimo zokushisa ezingalingani. Kunoma yiliphi izinga lokushisa elinikeziwe, isakhiwo se-athomu se-quartz ehlanganisiwe sifinyelela ekucushweni kwendawo "efanele" ngokuqhathaniswa. Njengoba izinga lokushisa lishintsha, isikhala se-athomu siyashintsha ngokufanele—into evame ukubizwa ngokuthi ukunwetshwa kokushisa. Uma i-quartz ehlanganisiwe ishisisa ngokulinganayo noma ipholile, ukunwetshwa okungeyona into efanayo kwenzeka.
Ingcindezi yokushisa ivamise ukuvela lapho izindawo ezishisayo zizama ukwanda kodwa zivinjwe izindawo ezipholile ezizungezile. Lokhu kudala ukucindezeleka okucindezelayo, ngokuvamile okungabangeli umonakalo. Uma izinga lokushisa liphakeme ngokwanele ukuthambisa ingilazi, ukucindezeleka kungakhululeka. Kodwa-ke, uma izinga lokupholisa lishesha kakhulu, i-viscosity ikhula ngokushesha, futhi isakhiwo se-athomu sangaphakathi asikwazi ukulungisa ngesikhathi kumazinga okushisa anciphayo. Lokhu kubangela ukucindezeleka okuqinile, okungenzeka kakhulu kubangele ukuphuka noma ukwehluleka.
Ukucindezeleka okunjalo kukhula njengoba izinga lokushisa lehla, lifinyelela emazingeni aphezulu ekupheleni kwenqubo yokupholisa. Izinga lokushisa lapho ingilazi ye-quartz ifinyelela ku-viscosity ngaphezu kwe-10^4.6 poise ibizwa ngokuthiiphuzu lobunzima. Kuleli qophelo, i-viscosity yezinto ezibonakalayo iphezulu kangangokuthi ukucindezeleka kwangaphakathi kuvaleka ngokuphumelelayo futhi ngeke kusakwazi ukuhlakazeka.
2. Ukucindezelwa okuvela kuNguquko Yesigaba kanye Nokuphumula Kwesakhiwo
I-Metastable Structural Relaxation:
Esimeni esincibilikisiwe, i-quartz ehlanganisiwe ibonisa ukuhlelwa kwe-athomu ephazamisekile kakhulu. Lapho ukuphola, ama-athomu ajwayele ukukhululeka abheke ekucushweni okuzinzile. Kodwa-ke, i-viscosity ephezulu yesimo esiyingilazi ivimbela ukunyakaza kwe-athomu, okuholela ekwakhiweni kwangaphakathi okumetastable futhi kudala ingcindezi yokuphumula. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, lokhu kucindezeleka kungase kukhishwe kancane kancane, into eyaziwa ngokuthiukuguga kwengilazi.
Ukuthambekela kweCrystallization:
Uma i-quartz ehlanganisiwe ibanjwe phakathi kwamazinga okushisa athile (njengaseduze nezinga lokushisa elikhazimulayo) isikhathi eside, i-microcrystallization ingase yenzeke—isibonelo, ukuna kwamakristalu amancane e-cristobalite. Ukungafani kwevolumu phakathi kwezigaba zekristalu ne-amorphous kuyadalaukucindezeleka kwesigaba soshintsho.
3. Umthwalo Wemishini kanye Namandla Angaphandle
1. Ingcindezi evela Ekucubunguleni:
Amandla emishini asetshenziswa ngesikhathi sokusika, ukugaywa, noma ukupholishwa angethula ukuhlanekezela kwe-lattice engaphezulu kanye nengcindezi yokucubungula. Isibonelo, ngesikhathi sokusika ngesondo lokugaya, ukushisa kwendawo kanye nokucindezela komshini onqenqemeni kudala ukugxila kwengcindezi. Amasu angalungile ekubholeni noma ekufakeni angaholela ekugxilweni kwengcindezi kuma-notches, asebenze njengendawo yokuqala yokuqhekeka.
2. Ukucindezeleka Okuvela Ezimeni Zesevisi:
Uma isetshenziswa njengesakhiwo, i-quartz ehlanganisiwe ingaba nengcindezi ye-macro-scale ngenxa yemithwalo yemishini efana nengcindezi noma ukugoba. Isibonelo, i-quartz glassware ingase ithuthukise ingcindezi egobayo lapho ibambe okuqukethwe okunzima.
4. Ukwethuka Okushisayo Nokuguquguquka Okusheshayo Kwezinga Lokushisa
1. Ukucindezeleka Okusheshayo Okuvela Ekushiseni Okusheshayo/Ukupholisa:
Nakuba i-quartz ehlanganisiwe ine-coefficient yokwandisa okushisayo ephansi kakhulu (~0.5×10⁻⁶/°C), ukushintsha kwezinga lokushisa okusheshayo (isb., ukushisa kusuka kuzinga lokushisa legumbi kuya kumazinga okushisa aphezulu, noma ukucwiliswa emanzini eqhwa) kusengadala ukukhuphuka kwezinga lokushisa lasendaweni. Lawa ma-gradient aphumela ekwandeni noma ekufinyezweni kokushisa okungazelelwe, okukhiqiza ukucindezelwa kokushisa okusheshayo. Isibonelo esivamile i-quartzware fracturing yaselabhorethri ngenxa yokushaqeka okushisayo.
2. I-Cyclic Thermal Fatigue:
Uma evezwe ekuguquguqukeni kwesikhathi eside, okuphindaphindiwe kwezinga lokushisa—njengakuma-linings noma amafasitela abuka amazinga okushisa aphezulu—i-quartz ehlanganisiwe iba nokunwetshwa nokufinyela okujikelezayo. Lokhu kuholela ekuqongeleleni kokucindezeleka kokukhathala, ukusheshisa ukuguga kanye nengozi yokuqhekeka.
5. Ukucindezeleka Okubangelwa Amakhemikhali
1. Ukugqwala kanye Nengcindezi Yokuqedwa:
Uma i-quartz ehlanganisiwe ihlangana nezixazululo ezinamandla ze-alkaline (isb., i-NaOH) noma amagesi ane-asidi ezinga lokushisa eliphezulu (isb, i-HF), ukugqwala kwendawo nokuncibilika kwenzeka. Lokhu kuphazamisa ukufana kwesakhiwo futhi kudala ukucindezeleka kwamakhemikhali. Isibonelo, ukugqwala kwe-alkali kungaholela ekushintsheni kwevolumu yendawo noma ukwakheka kwe-microcrack.
2. I-CVD-Induced Stress:
Izinqubo ze-Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD) ezifaka ama-coatings (isb., i-SiC) ku-quartz ehlanganisiwe zingathula ingcindezi yokuhlangana kobuso ngenxa yomehluko wama-coefficients okunwebeka okushisayo noma imoduli enwebekayo phakathi kwezinto ezimbili. Ngesikhathi sokupholisa, lokhu kucindezeleka kungabangela i-delamination noma ukuqhekeka kwe-coating noma i-substrate.
6. Ukukhubazeka Kwangaphakathi Nokungcola
1. Amabhamuza nokufakwayo:
Amabhamuza egesi ayinsalela noma ukungcola (isb., ama-ion ensimbi noma izinhlayiya ezingancibilikisiwe) ezethulwa ngesikhathi sokuncibilika zingasebenza njengezigxili zokucindezeleka. Umehluko ekwandiseni okushisayo noma ukunwebeka phakathi kwalokhu kufakwa kanye ne-matrix yengilazi kudala ukucindezeleka kwangaphakathi kwendawo. Imifantu ivama ukuqala emaphethelweni alokhu kungapheleli.
2. Ama-Microcracks kanye namaphutha esakhiwo:
Ukungcola noma amaphutha ezintweni ezingavuthiwe noma kusukela ekuncibilikeni kungase kubangele ama-microcracks angaphakathi. Ngaphansi kwemithwalo yemishini noma ukuhamba ngebhayisikili okushisayo, ukugxila kwengcindezi kumathiphu okuqhekeka kungakhuthaza ukusakazeka kokuqhekeka, kunciphise ubuqotho bezinto ezibonakalayo.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Jul-04-2025